The Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment - 915 Words

To keep that GDP growing the country has to keep addressing the ongoing environmental issues, which include water shortages, soil erosion and deforestation. The soil erosion has been caused by an excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers. Deforestation has been a detrimental issue because of the large amounts of agricultural and land clearing, and not to mention the over use of wood products for fuel purposes, without replanting new growth. Another leading cause of deforestation is forest fires caused by man, whether it’s intentional or accidental. Water shortages also hit the island extremely hard in June of 2015. Martin Melendez, an expert, in hydrology and civil engineer stated that over a 100 communities suffered from water shortages and the island was 30 days from the entire water system collapsing (â€Å"Deforestation†). The tourist areas were even suffering. A lot of these issues have been exacerbated by global warming. The island realized this and recently ren ewed their agreement with the Kyoto protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (â€Å"Forest Carbon†). As of January, 2015 the total population of the Dominican Republic is estimated to be 10,692,452 people. The male and female population is pretty even males making up 50.2% and females at 49.8%. of the population. Even in all age groups the male to female ratio is even. There is an average of 576 live births and 127 deaths per day. According to the population clock the islans’s population density is 219.7 peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment845 Words   |  4 Pagesdo to protect the environment? Our planet is shifting, we need to help it change for the better. There are many effects that can change our Globe in a shocking manner but, the good news is each individual can contribute to make a better world for our children. People across the world acquired, use, and dispose enormous multiplicity of products which helps to build ou r lives easier and more comfortable. However, the outcome of this can make massive damage to our environment. Working together withRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On The Environment1389 Words   |  6 PagesDeforestation is one of the many problems this world faces today. Many people are unaware of how harmful deforestation can be towards the environment and the animals that inhabit the area. Many people don’t even know what deforestation is and that it’s actually happening. To sum it all up, deforestation is the process of destroying forests by cutting them down or burning the trees down, destroying hundreds of acres in order to make more land available for other uses thinking that the benefits outweighRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment1379 Words   |  6 Pagesyou no choice but to run through the forest. Being separated from family members, all alone in the african desert with no home left. This issue is happening all over the place for many beloved animals yet not much is being done about it at all. Deforestation is a major issue for animals, forests are a huge source of oxygen for the wildlife surrounding them. â€Å"80% of the animals in the world live in or around forests†(National Geographic, Munita) there has been a huge increase for many species goingRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1616 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Webster dictionary defines deforestation as the action or process of clearing of forests. It occurs when humans desire to make use of land covered by forest for other purposes. This clearing of tree is concerning due to the fact that trees are being cut down at a rate much greater then they can grow back. This is called overshot, and can have a devastating impact on the environment. There is an estimated loss of 18 million acres of forest each year. That is roughly equivalent to the sizeRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1120 Words   |  5 PagesTo start off, thirty percent of the world’s land are forests. (Anonymous, para. 1). However, the number of forests are dwindling down due to the deforestation that happens every year. Deforestation is â€Å"the act or result of cutting down or burning all the trees in an area† (Anonymous). Unfortunately, this damages the land. Deforestation has many factors of what causes the loss of trees. There are ag riculture farmers that cut down trees to have more acres to grow more plants or to have more livestockRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment912 Words   |  4 PagesRainforests today are disappearing at an alarming rate as a result of deforestation for commercial purposes such as logging, agriculture, and livestock and the probable solution are becoming far from realistic as the expansion becomes bigger and bigger. Every year, an estimated 18 million acres are destroyed for various reasons, including paper, timber. An average of two football field sizes of precious rainforest are torn down, killing millions of animals and destroying valuable pharmaceutical plantsRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment953 Words   |  4 PagesAir Pollution Deforestation has been an ongoing activity in both the North and South Island in relatively equal measures. Since New Zealand was inhabited, Maori and European settlers have exploited the forests in New Zealand, reducing them from 82% to 23% of the surface area throughout the country. (Ewersa et al,, 2006). This is a great volume of vegetation which has been removed from the earth’s surface. In return, many harmful impacts are being imposed on the environment. One of these is the increasedRead MoreDeforestation of Our Rainforests931 Words   |  4 PagesThe most destructive and harmful tragedy that our rainforests, specifically the Amazon, suffer from is deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing or destruction of land throughout forests. Unfortunately, human beings are the number one cause of deforestation throughout the world. The reason if this is simply because we use the wood mainly for things like hydroelectric dams that power communities, palm oil for its biofuel res ourcefulness, and the mining for diamond and gold. Another reason wouldRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1402 Words   |  6 Pages Deforestation is an increasing global crisis and is mainly caused by human actions. Forests cover approximately 31% of the area on the planet (Deforestation, n.d.). Deforestation is the destruction of a wide area of forest land into a cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there are severe consequences for the environment and future generations due to deforestation. According to theRead MoreCause And Effect Of Deforestation1259 Words   |  6 Pages2 28 October 2015 Cause and Effect of Deforestation Deforestation is a problem that does not concern many people, but it is an issue that the people of Earth need to deal with. In the past 50 years deforestation has increased a significant amount, but people around the world have been removing the forests since the 1600s. The forests remaining are in danger as the human population goes up, the need for resources will also increase and this will make the deforestation of the last forests come quicker

Attention Deficit Disorder ( Adhd ) - 1646 Words

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) continues to be a complex and widespread problem that is occurring in children at an unprecedented rate. According to DSM-V, a child must present symptoms before the age of twelve and display the symptoms for at least six months. There are two types of ADHD disorders; inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive. A child could also have a combination of the two. Some of the most common symptoms for inattention include lack of attention, difficulty sustaining attention, difficulty following instructions, easily distracted and forgetfulness. Common symptoms for hyperactive-impulsive include fidgeting, excessive talking, being on the go very often and interrupting others (Mash Wolfe, 2008). Both types of ADHD may affect a child’s social, personal and academic life. Children with the disorder may have sleeping problems and are more prone to accidents. Young children with ADHD show signs of aggression as young as preschool. During preschool years, they are ignoring their parents, acting out in public and getting into fights with other students or family members (Modesto, et al., 2008). As a child enters his or her adolescent years, they are more likely to do poorly in school and in some cases may even drop out. Their defiance poses a challenge for the parents (Modesto et al, 2014). Studies have shown that parents with children who have ADHD frequently reinforce their behaviors by giving attention to their impulsivity (Modesto, et al.,Show MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Disorder : Adhd / Adhd1550 Words   |  7 Pageswalls. You probably thought they were annoying and just wanted attention, but odds are that kid most likely had ADHD/ADD. In simple terms, ADHD/ADD is described as being a developmental, behavioral condition in which an individual struggles with focusing on everyday tasks and activities. ADHD and ADD actually are not that different from one another. In fact according to Raspan Gomez from the University of Ballarat, Australia â€Å"ADD and ADHD have the Same 18 symptoms covering inattention (IA), hyperactivityRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder ( Adhd )1669 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Disorder (ADD), recently re-named Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a condition affecting many children, adolescents and adults (Resnick, 2005). ADHD manifests itself through behaviors of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention and a lack of stick-to-itiveness (Resnick). Initially, researchers believed ADHD impacted children throughout their young lives and subsided around puberty (Kern, Rasmussen, Byrd Wittschen, 1999). By the late 20th century, researchersRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1145 Words   |  5 Pages Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? The medical world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that s as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn-up regularRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and know the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )963 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Mizeldrick K. Marshall Holmes Community College Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder most commonly diagnosed in children. Children can be diagnosed as early as the age of 7. Boys and girls can be diagnosed with ADHD but this disorder is seen more in the behavior of boys. Adults can also develop symptoms and be diagnosed as well. It was originally called hyperkineticRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pageshomework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feel alone, incompetent, andRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the dia gnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes

Benefits of Program Evaluation to Decision Free Essays

Program evaluation refers to the systematic process of gathering data and putting them all together in order to generate an overall assessment of a program, policy or project needed in decision-making. It provides a list of the strengths and weaknesses used in assessing the efficiency of a program. Both profit and non-profit organizations depend on program evaluation as a tool in gauging the performance of their projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Program Evaluation to Decision or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often ignored in the process of program implementation, program evaluation is, in fact, necessary in providing constructive information for the improvement of an organization. In an evaluation, the data analyzed serve as guide for decision-makers on how well a program or project is operating. This answers questions regarding the effectiveness of the program to the implementer and beneficiaries, the attainment of the program goals and objectives, and the options for future improvement (McNamara, 2002). Evaluation of the internal and external factors affecting the operation of the program aims to provide credible, objective, and pertinent conclusions to decision-makers. Internal evaluation, covering all levels of an organization, requires the participation the program staff and stakeholders in the assessment of the program operation. External evaluation, on the other hand, takes account of the changing conditions outside of the organization that may have an influence to the performance of a program (Freeman, 2006). Findings of a program evaluation would serve as ground for the betterment of a project and the organization, as well. This would also serve as basis for the maintenance of existing program policies and construction of more cost and time-efficient operations. Moreover, evaluation can serve as basis for other organizations in carrying out analogous plans. References: Freeman, B. (2006). The Importance of Program Evaluation. from http://501cweb. wordpress. com/2006/12/30/the-importance-of-program-evaluation/ McNamara, C. (2002). A Basic Guide to Program Evaluation [Electronic Version], from http://www. tgci. com/magazine/A%20Basic%20Guide%20to%20Program%20Evaluation. pdf How to cite Benefits of Program Evaluation to Decision, Papers

TESCO Logistics and Operations Management

Question: Identify the component activities for an organisation TESCO then evaluate the performance objectives used by each and critically examine and suggest ways in which the performance could be improved? Answer: Introduction The performance goals are quite important for the success of the company. Management of the company, need to adopt and implement strategies that would improve the production and management process. There are multiple types of jobs that are performed at the workplace, and such tasks have to be planned and evaluated. The significance of different departments at the workplace cannot be overlooked by the management. Thus, planned operation management in the company is vital for cost effective and successful outcomes. The report has been prepared on the most successful and leading company Tesco. The company identifies the quantifiable goals and objectives for measuring the performance. The majority of tasks or goals is linked with fund resources, projects accomplishment, and improvement accuracy through which best services can be provided to the clients. The management handles issues related to quality behavior and consistency (Bakewell Garbutt, 2005) Discussion Planning and organizing efficient operations and networking Tesco is one of the leading companies that sell multiple products to the customers from different parts of the world. The goal of the company has been to focus on quality and cost effective services to the clients. Effective planning with proper monitoring in the company deals with the methods that would increase the quality and other parts of the services. With the methods, the company can gather certain information about different activities related to business operations. Tesco focus on selling consumer products and render after sales services to the clients. Information about the customer preferences and ability of the customers to pay price for various products sold by the company is analyzed. Such information helps in increasing the level of performance and sales for the company. Through this process, the company focuses on implementing re-orientation plans through which the staff and people can be motivated to move for long term in the future. (Caralli, 2004) With the help of research, different dimensions of quality has been important for the product called as reliability, performance, durability, features, service and quality etc. Thus, Tesco also applies different methods to deal with the quality and other factors for customers. Regular approach and continuous improvements help Tesco to increase the quality needs and requirements. (Bernard, 2005) Planning for performance management Planning is the major key factors that influence the companys performance. Through planning, Tesco deals with the issues associated with human resource management, production, quality methods, and others. Operational activities include handling supply chain management system and evaluating the quality of the products. The company focuses on planning for strategy implementation through which the operational activities are implied. Such factors are quite important for introducing changes in the operational activities and increasing the quality of performance. Through this process, the company develops and implements the right strategies that improve the production and distribution of goods and services to the clients. Issues associated with the demand and supply variations could be managed by proper planning system. It is vital to gather the effective and essential data that would help the management in implementing the strategies of planning. Strategic planning also helps the manageme nt to deal with long term goals and short term objectives of the company. With regards to planning, the management of the company needs to differentiate the long term goals and measure the past performance that impacts on the future performance of the company. (Cassidy, 2006) The performance management basically concentrates on developing and implementing steps that would enable the company to monitor the steps. In this method the parameters for quality check and evaluation is introduced by the management. Evaluation is done to analyses the challenges and introduces effective steps through which the quality of services can be monitored. Through corrective steps, an attempt is made to maintain positive relationship with the clients. Strategies adoption introduces quality and it depends on the business activities. The operational skills and techniques measured by the company need proper analysis and it will help to improve on the quality associated with the production activities. Through effective planning process, the process associated with goods procurement, distribution of goods on a timely manner, and others are evaluated. (Davey, 2013) Performance management for the company also concentrates on adopting the best step through which the wastages are decreased. This will also reduce the cost of production. Issues to control quality and performance management The issues associated with quality control needs to be measured and this will help the management in dealing with challenges that directly impact the companys performance. Tesco aims to render services to clients from different parts of the globe. Thus quality is one of the important factors that are strongly worked upon by the management. In this process, the parameters that would improve the quality of the products is determined and communicated with the employees. In order to improve the performance, the quality control process is introduced by the management. (Heracleous, 2003). The requirement to improve the process of quality check and control has to be developed and followed by the company. This way, the company can also work on following aspects such as: Costs involved Tasks effectiveness and communication among the team members between different departments for tasks performance has to be developed. To implement the effective methods for quality check, companies with huge operational activities is a difficulty. There is a need of corrective measures that should be taken to develop the changes through which the products could be sold to the clients. Standard methods of operation have to be developed and measured by the company. This has to be done in a different approach and also it depends upon the product as well as its nature. The introduction of changes in control process is quite a difficult task and the staff members of the company are required to follow the rules and meet the expectations discussed by the management. This depends on the evaluation of the task and therefore, certain limitations and challenges are required to be assessed carefully like the performance of the company, products goals and standards, rules and policies determined by the management, other specifications etc. (Fairholm, 2004) Quality measures The company plans to introduce effective measures for quantitative checks. This could be done with the help of increase in sales and reputation of the company. The strategies need to be very clear to check the quality of the products in the company. The tool has not been introduced for competition analysis and policies measures for improving the activities of operations and other measures. Management should implement the plans in the correct approach and it is vital to deal with the materials procurement and methods of distribution. The company staffs play an important role in performance improvements and with this process, there could have proper execution of the tasks that has assigned to them. It is important to draft the plans and to motivate the employees for performance improvements. Tesco also has applied to high rewards and recognitions system for motivating the staff members to perform better for long term in the company. It is necessary to identify the communication system that could be followed by the management and there is a need to discuss the challenge so that corrective steps and actions could be taken to implement and introduce the change (Marr, 2006) Importance of planning With the process of planning, the company defines the goals and objectives. It is necessary for the company to succeed in future. By proper execution of tasks, the management plans to deliver the correct set of actions that could be achieved within time. Therefore, the expected goals associated with the better customer services and improvements on quality have to be planned by different departments. (Jones, 2006) Goals and objectives for planning In regards to the planning, the management describes the goals and objectives that are known to be the most important for the success of the business. By proper planning process, the management deals with the goals and objectives that are known to be the most important success for the business. By proper execution of the tasks, the management should ensure the achievement of set targets and goals on a timely manner. The expected goals should ensure the best customer services and quality improvements from multiple departments. With the effective monitoring process, the management evaluates the tasks by the management. It is important to deal with the existing system and this way, the management develops better plans for the task. There are issues with the process of evaluation and monitoring and the implementation of corrective actions and measures that could help the business to lead the difficult competition. Through proper evaluation, it is vital to gather the information that help s in objectives achievement of the company. (Kumar, 2015) Major steps that could be met to improve the performance objectives for the company are as follows: Proper inspection: In this step, the management could deal with the effective strategy for performance evaluation of the company. This way, it helps in analysis of the issues and meeting policies to overcome with the challenges. Audit needs: The policies and strategies needs to be followed with respect to audit process. This will deal in focusing on strong strategies that could help in possibly the best plan that deals in business development. Research and development: With this process, the company focuses on implementing effective steps of research and development in the introduction of best services for the customers. (Monden, 2011) With the effective strategies, the performance could be improved with the following mechanisms such as: Tesco actively depends on the performance in the work goals and the quality could be increased with the strategy effectiveness. The company can increase the transparency to deal with the new lines. This way, it could improve the materials and services. The design of the product as well as service is created with respect to meet the needs of the customers successfully. Tesco should try to meet the quality products to attract its customers and also it should try to deliver high volume of products and services to the customers. It also requires high cost and the planning as well as controlling of service is effectively important that should be concentrated for staff members to meet success and achievements. (Sherwood, 2007) Tesco also should try to deal with growth and customer satisfaction and it should focus on customer needs effectively. Proper training is important that will lead the business into success and the company should try to commit flexibility in the work place so that the staff members could retain its customers with the high quality performance on operations. This way, it will deliver the maximum level of policies and standards to meet the company goals and aims. It will recruit more people to deliver quality and also it will decrease the overtime related conflicts. This way, the budget could be effectively managed. (Ward, 2002) Conclusion Business planning and monitoring are the major factors for success. Planning is the essential element for the companys performance and it is possible with effective planning. The issues with human resources, production and other departments could be resolved with the help of planning and the company can determine the challenge that impacts the business performance. According to the facts and data, the management plans for effective policies through which the performance can be measured and for the improvements on the performance, the quality could be managed and the needs of the customers could be identified successfully. Methods involved for measuring the challenges should be planned with respect to the improvements on performance. This will focus the company to perform for improvements in the company. This will help the company to expand the business and offer the sustainable growth and development in the market. Organization should focus on quality as quality matters and improves productivity. This way, the company could gain the commitments and increase the sales as well as productivity with best quality and strong approaches. The performance will increase the business and long term future objectives for the company. It will also help the company to grow in the competitive edge. (Sharma, 2014) References ACT Development, 2009. A guide to assessing our contribution to change, ACT Development Impact Project Working Group. Ambrose K and Roduner D, 2009. A conceptual fusion of the logical framework approach and outcome mapping. OM Ideas Paper no.1 (https://bit.ly/WfOtn). Bakewell O and Garbutt A, 2005. The use and abuse of the logical framework approach, SIDA. Bernard A, 2005. . An Introduction to Enterprise Architecture. 2nd ed. Bloomington: AuthorHouse. Caralli A, 2004. The Critical Success Factor Method: Establishing a Foundation for Enterprise Security Management (CMU/SEI-2004-TR-010). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2004. www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/04tr010.cfm Cassidy A, 2006. A Practical Guide to Information Systems Strategic Planning. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida: Auerbach Publications. Conway M, 2004. Scenario Planning: An Innovative Approach to Strategy Development. Swinburne University of Technology. Davey,J. (2013).Morrison seals $306 million Ocado deal in online catch-up.Available: https://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/05/17/uk-morrisons-ocado-idUKBRE94G05420130517. Lastaccessed 15th May 2013 Earl S, Carden F, and Smutylo T, 2001. Outcome Mapping: Building Learning and Reflection into Development Programs, Ottawa: IDRC. Fairholm R, 2004. Values, Vision, Vector, and Voice: Distinguishing Authentic Leadership Perspectives. Paper presented at the UNL Gallup Leadership Institute Summit, Omaha, NE, June 10-12. Gunasekaran S Garets D, 2004. Managing the IT Strategic Planning Process, 22-34. Healthcare Information Management Systems Cases, Strategies, and Solutions. M. Ball, C.M. Weaver, and J. M. Kiel, ed. Springer. Heracleous L, 2003. Strategy and Organization: Realizing Strategic Management. Cambridge University Press. Jones H, 2006. Making Outcome Mapping Work: evolving experiences from around the world, Ottawa: IDRC (https://bit. ly/19zzsH) Kumar, A. 2014. Operations management: New age international publishers. Marr B, 2006. Strategic Performance Management, Elsevier Ltd., 1st Edition. Monden, Y. 2011. Toyota production system: An integrated approach to just in time. 4th edition. United States of America. McGraw hill. Ogilvy J Schwartz P, 2004. Plotting Your Scenarios. Global Business Network, 2004 Ramalingam and Jones H, 2008. Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and implications for development and humanitarian efforts. ODI Working Paper 285. London: ODI Raynor E, 2007. The Strategy Paradox: Why Committing to Success Leads to Failure (and What to Do About It). New York: Doubleday. Sharma, N. 2014. Quality function deployment: House of quality for Tesco. Academia.edu Shelton C Darling R, 2001. The quantum skills model in management: a new paradigm to enhance effective leadership. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 22(6), 264-273. Sherwood D, 2007. Turning Innovative Scenarios into Robust Strategies. The Systems Thinker 18, 5 2-7. Smutylo T, 2005. Outcome mapping: A method for tracking behavioural changes in development programs, ILAC Brief 7. Ward J Peppard J, 2002. Strategic Planning for Information Systems. John Wiley Sons. Ltd.